Super Mushroom

The Super Mushroom's cameo in Wreck-It Ralph.

The Super Mushroom is a power-up item that is recurrently found in the Super Mario Bros. video game series. Modeled after Amanita muscaria, the fly agaric fungus, it features a red cap that has a white polka dot pattern and a dark yellow stalk with black expressionless eyes and no other facial features. 

By touching it, the power-up allows a main character to double in size, a state simply known as "Super," increasing the character's hit points by one and remaining in this form until being attacked by an enemy or losing a life by self-inflicted means.

Appearing in over ten games within the main Super Mario Bros. canon, as well as spin-offs such as the Mario Kart and Mario Party series, the Super Mushroom is one of the most recognizable items in the history of video games, even appearing in the unrelated Super Smash Bros. franchise.

In Wreck-It Ralph, the item appears identical to its recent appearances in the Mario games, and was found by Ralph in Tapper's lost-and-found box when Ralph was looking for a medal to prove he wasn’t a bad guy. But he didn’t find any medals and went to Hero’s Duty

Trivia

• The Super Mushroom usually turns the character larger in size, but when Ralph touched it, he didn't grow. However it's possible that he had to eat it before he would grow larger.
•  The Super Mushroom was included due to its appearance in Versus Super Mario Bros., an arcade game created out of a combination of levels from SMB and the Japanese Super Mario Bros. 2 (known in the US as The Lost Levels). VSMB was seldom seen in American arcades, so including the mushroom could be considered a stretch in a film designed as an homage to arcades.